Method and System for a Sub-Harmonic Transmitter Utilizing a Leaky Wave Antenna

ABSTRACT

Methods and systems for a sub-harmonic transmitter utilizing a leaky wave antenna are disclosed and may include transmitting wireless signals at a harmonic frequency of a source signal utilizing one or more leaky wave antennas (LWAs) in a wireless device including one or more transceivers on a chip. The LWAs may be configured with a resonant frequency at the harmonic frequency. The source signal may be communicated to the LWAs utilizing a power amplifier, which may be operated in switching mode thereby generating a square wave from the source signal. The LWAs may be integrated on the chip, on a package to which the chip is affixed and/or on a printed circuit board to which the chip is affixed. The harmonic frequency may be three times a frequency of the source signal. The transmitted wireless signal may be amplitude modulated utilizing a bias voltage applied to the LWAs.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS/INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

This application makes reference to and claims priority to U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/246,618 filed on Sep. 29, 2009, andU.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/185,245 filed on Jun. 9, 2009.

This application also makes reference to:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No. 21181US02)filed on even date herewith;U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No. 21205US02)filed on even date herewith;U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No. 21211US02)filed on even date herewith;U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No. 21214US02)filed on even date herewith;U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No. 21227US02)filed on even date herewith;U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No. 21231US02)filed on even date herewith;U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No. 21232US02)filed on even date herewith; andU.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No. 21233US02)filed on even date herewith.

Each of the above stated applications is hereby incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

[Not Applicable]

MICROFICHE/COPYRIGHT REFERENCE

[Not Applicable]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Certain embodiments of the invention relate to wireless communication.More specifically, certain embodiments of the invention relate to amethod and system for a sub-harmonic transmitter utilizing a leaky waveantenna.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Mobile communications have changed the way people communicate and mobilephones have been transformed from a luxury item to an essential part ofevery day life. The use of mobile phones is today dictated by socialsituations, rather than hampered by location or technology. While voiceconnections fulfill the basic need to communicate, and mobile voiceconnections continue to filter even further into the fabric of every daylife, the mobile Internet is the next step in the mobile communicationrevolution. The mobile Internet is poised to become a common source ofeveryday information, and easy, versatile mobile access to this datawill be taken for granted.

As the number of electronic devices enabled for wireline and/or mobilecommunications continues to increase, significant efforts exist withregard to making such devices more power efficient. For example, a largepercentage of communications devices are mobile wireless devices andthus often operate on battery power. Additionally, transmit and/orreceive circuitry within such mobile wireless devices often account fora significant portion of the power consumed within these devices.Moreover, in some conventional communication systems, transmittersand/or receivers are often power inefficient in comparison to otherblocks of the portable communication devices. Accordingly, thesetransmitters and/or receivers have a significant impact on battery lifefor these mobile wireless devices.

Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditionalapproaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, throughcomparison of such systems with the present invention as set forth inthe remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A system and/or method for a sub-harmonic transmitter utilizing a leakywave antenna, substantially as shown in and/or described in connectionwith at least one of the figures, as set forth more completely in theclaims.

Various advantages, aspects and novel features of the present invention,as well as details of an illustrated embodiment thereof, will be morefully understood from the following description and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary wireless system with asub-harmonic transmitter utilizing a leaky wave antenna, which may beutilized in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary leaky wave antenna,in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a plan view of exemplarypartially reflective surfaces, in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary phase dependence ofa leaky wave antenna, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating exemplary in-phase andout-of-phase beam shapes for a leaky wave antenna, in accordance with anembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a leaky wave antenna withvariable input impedance feed points, in accordance with an embodimentof the invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating exemplary sub-harmonictransmission utilizing a leaky wave antenna, in accordance with anembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating exemplary steps for asub-harmonic transmitter utilizing a leaky wave antenna, in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Certain aspects of the invention may be found in a method and system fora sub-harmonic transmitter utilizing a leaky wave antenna. Exemplaryaspects of the invention may comprise transmitting wireless signals at aharmonic frequency of a source signal utilizing one or more leaky waveantennas in a wireless device comprising one or more transceivers on achip. The one or more leaky wave antennas may be configured with aresonant frequency at the harmonic frequency. The source signal may becommunicated to the one or more leaky wave antennas utilizing a poweramplifier, which may be operated in a switching mode thereby generatinga square wave from the source signal. The one or more leaky waveantennas may be integrated on the chip, on a package to which the chipis affixed and/or on a printed circuit board to which the chip isaffixed. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention,the harmonic frequency may be three times a frequency of the sourcesignal. The transmitted wireless signal may be amplitude modulatedutilizing a bias voltage applied to the one or more leaky wave antennas.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary wireless system with asub-harmonic transmitter utilizing a leaky wave antenna, which may beutilized in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Referring toFIG. 1, the wireless device 150 may comprise an antenna 151, atransceiver 152, a baseband processor 154, a processor 156, a systemmemory 158, a logic block 160, a chip 162, leaky wave antennas164A,164B, and 164C an external headset port 166, and a package 167. Thewireless device 150 may also comprise an analog microphone 168,integrated hands-free (IHF) stereo speakers 170, a printed circuit board171, a hearing aid compatible (HAC) coil 174, a dual digital microphone176, a vibration transducer 178, a keypad and/or touchscreen 180, and adisplay 182.

The transceiver 152 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry,interface(s), and/or code that may be enabled to modulate and upconvertbaseband signals to RF signals for transmission by one or more antennas,which may be represented generically by the antenna 151. The transceiver152 may also be enabled to downconvert and demodulate received RFsignals to baseband signals. The RF signals may be received by one ormore antennas, which may be represented generically by the antenna 151,or the leaky wave antennas 164A and 164B. Different wireless systems mayuse different antennas for transmission and reception. The transceiver152 may be enabled to execute other functions, for example, filteringthe baseband and/or RF signals, and/or amplifying the baseband and/or RFsignals. Although a single transceiver 152 is shown, the invention isnot so limited. Accordingly, the transceiver 152 may be implemented as aseparate transmitter and a separate receiver. In addition, there may bea plurality of transceivers, transmitters and/or receivers. In thisregard, the plurality of transceivers, transmitters and/or receivers mayenable the wireless device 150 to handle a plurality of wirelessprotocols and/or standards including cellular, WLAN and PAN. Wirelesstechnologies handled by the wireless device 150 may comprise GSM, CDMA,CDMA2000, WCDMA, GMS, GPRS, EDGE, WIMAX, WLAN, 3GPP, UMTS, BLUETOOTH,and ZigBee, for example.

The baseband processor 154 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry,interface(s), and/or code that may be enabled to process basebandsignals for transmission via the transceiver 152 and/or the basebandsignals received from the transceiver 152. The processor 156 may be anysuitable processor or controller such as a CPU, DSP, ARM, or any type ofintegrated circuit processor. The processor 156 may comprise suitablelogic, circuitry, and/or code that may be enabled to control theoperations of the transceiver 152 and/or the baseband processor 154. Forexample, the processor 156 may be utilized to update and/or modifyprogrammable parameters and/or values in a plurality of components,devices, and/or processing elements in the transceiver 152 and/or thebaseband processor 154. At least a portion of the programmableparameters may be stored in the system memory 158.

Control and/or data information, which may comprise the programmableparameters, may be transferred from other portions of the wirelessdevice 150, not shown in FIG. 1, to the processor 156. Similarly, theprocessor 156 may be enabled to transfer control and/or datainformation, which may include the programmable parameters, to otherportions of the wireless device 150, not shown in FIG. 1, which may bepart of the wireless device 150.

The processor 156 may utilize the received control and/or datainformation, which may comprise the programmable parameters, todetermine an operating mode of the transceiver 152. For example, theprocessor 156 may be utilized to select a specific frequency for a localoscillator, a specific gain for a variable gain amplifier, configure thelocal oscillator and/or configure the variable gain amplifier foroperation in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.Moreover, the specific frequency selected and/or parameters needed tocalculate the specific frequency, and/or the specific gain value and/orthe parameters, which may be utilized to calculate the specific gain,may be stored in the system memory 158 via the processor 156, forexample. The information stored in system memory 158 may be transferredto the transceiver 152 from the system memory 158 via the processor 156.

The system memory 158 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry,interface(s), and/or code that may be enabled to store a plurality ofcontrol and/or data information, including parameters needed tocalculate frequencies and/or gain, and/or the frequency value and/orgain value. The system memory 158 may store at least a portion of theprogrammable parameters that may be manipulated by the processor 156.

The logic block 160 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry,interface(s), and/or code that may enable controlling of variousfunctionalities of the wireless device 150. For example, the logic block160 may comprise one or more state machines that may generate signals tocontrol the transceiver 152 and/or the baseband processor 154. The logicblock 160 may also comprise registers that may hold data forcontrolling, for example, the transceiver 152 and/or the basebandprocessor 154. The logic block 160 may also generate and/or store statusinformation that may be read by, for example, the processor 156.Amplifier gains and/or filtering characteristics, for example, may becontrolled by the logic block 160.

The BT radio/processor 163 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic,interface(s), and/or code that may enable transmission and reception ofBluetooth signals. The BT radio/processor 163 may enable processingand/or handling of BT baseband signals. In this regard, the BTradio/processor 163 may process or handle BT signals received and/or BTsignals transmitted via a wireless communication medium. The BTradio/processor 163 may also provide control and/or feedback informationto/from the baseband processor 154 and/or the processor 156, based oninformation from the processed BT signals. The BT radio/processor 163may communicate information and/or data from the processed BT signals tothe processor 156 and/or to the system memory 158. Moreover, the BTradio/processor 163 may receive information from the processor 156and/or the system memory 158, which may be processed and transmitted viathe wireless communication medium a Bluetooth headset, for example

The CODEC 172 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic, interface(s),and/or code that may process audio signals received from and/orcommunicated to input/output devices. The input devices may be within orcommunicatively coupled to the wireless device 150, and may comprise theanalog microphone 168, the stereo speakers 170, the hearing aidcompatible (HAC) coil 174, the dual digital microphone 176, and thevibration transducer 178, for example. The CODEC 172 may be operable toup-convert and/or down-convert signal frequencies to desired frequenciesfor processing and/or transmission via an output device. The CODEC 172may enable utilizing a plurality of digital audio inputs, such as 16 or18-bit inputs, for example. The CODEC 172 may also enable utilizing aplurality of data sampling rate inputs. For example, the CODEC 172 mayaccept digital audio signals at sampling rates such as 8 kHz, 11.025kHz, 12 kHz, 16 kHz, 22.05 kHz, 24 kHz, 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, and/or 48 kHz.The CODEC 172 may also support mixing of a plurality of audio sources.For example, the CODEC 172 may support audio sources such as generalaudio, polyphonic ringer, I²S FM audio, vibration driving signals, andvoice. In this regard, the general audio and polyphonic ringer sourcesmay support the plurality of sampling rates that the audio CODEC 172 isenabled to accept, while the voice source may support a portion of theplurality of sampling rates, such as 8 kHz and 16 kHz, for example.

The chip 162 may comprise an integrated circuit with multiple functionalblocks integrated within, such as the transceiver 152, the processor156, the baseband processor 154, the BT radio/processor 163, the CODEC172, and the leaky wave antenna 164A. The number of functional blocksintegrated in the chip 162 is not limited to the number shown in FIG. 1.Accordingly, any number of blocks may be integrated on the chip 162depending on chip space and wireless device 150 requirements, forexample.

The leaky wave antennas 164A, 164B, and 164C may comprise a resonantcavity with a highly reflective surface and a lower reflectivitysurface, and may be integrated in and/or on the chip 162, the package167, and/or the printed circuit board 171. The lower reflectivitysurface may allow the resonant mode to “leak” out of the cavity. Thelower reflectivity surface of the leaky wave antennas 164A, 164B, and164C may be configured with slots in a metal surface, or a pattern ofmetal patches, as described further in FIGS. 2 and 3. The physicaldimensions of the leaky wave antennas 164A, 164B, and 164C may beconfigured to optimize bandwidth of transmission and/or the beam patternradiated. In another embodiment of the invention, the leaky wave antenna1648 may be integrated in and/or on the package 167, and the leaky waveantenna 164C may be integrated in and/or on the printed circuit board171 to which the chip 162 may be affixed. In this manner, the dimensionsof the leaky wave antennas 164B and 164C may not be limited by the sizeof the chip 162.

The resonant cavity of the leaky wave antennas 164A, 1648, and/or 164Cmay enable high gain of the antennas. In this manner, the leaky waveantennas 164A, 164B, and/or 164C may be operable to transmit thecorresponding signals at the harmonic frequencies, which are applied tothe leaky wave antennas 164A, 164B, and/or 164C. The leaky wave antennas164A, 1648, and/or 164C may be configured at a resonance frequency thatcoincides with a harmonic of a supplied signal, which may comprise asquare wave, for example. Thus, high frequency signals may be generatedby the leaky wave antennas 164A, 164B, and/or 164C without requiringelectronics in the transceiver 152 to operate at the higher frequency.For example, a source signal of 20 GHz may be utilized to transmit asignal at 60 GHz by configuring the leaky wave antennas 164A, 164B,and/or 164C with a resonant frequency at 60 GHz, the first harmonic ofthe fundamental frequency of 20 GHz.

The external headset port 166 may comprise a physical connection for anexternal headset to be communicatively coupled to the wireless device150. The analog microphone 168 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic,interface(s), and/or code that may detect sound waves and convert themto electrical signals via a piezoelectric effect, for example. Theelectrical signals generated by the analog microphone 168 may compriseanalog signals that may require analog to digital conversion beforeprocessing.

The package 167 may comprise a ceramic package, a printed circuit board,or other support structure for the chip 162 and other components of thewireless device 150. In this regard, the chip 162 may be bonded to thepackage 167. The package 167 may comprise insulating and conductivematerial, for example, and may provide isolation between electricalcomponents mounted on the package 167.

The stereo speakers 170 may comprise a pair of speakers that may beoperable to generate audio signals from electrical signals received fromthe CODEC 172. The HAC coil 174 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic,and/or code that may enable communication between the wireless device150 and a T-coil in a hearing aid, for example. In this manner,electrical audio signals may be communicated to a user that utilizes ahearing aid, without the need for generating sound signals via aspeaker, such as the stereo speakers 170, and converting the generatedsound signals back to electrical signals in a hearing aid, andsubsequently back into amplified sound signals in the user's ear, forexample.

The dual digital microphone 176 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic,interface(s), and/or code that may be operable to detect sound waves andconvert them to electrical signals. The electrical signals generated bythe dual digital microphone 176 may comprise digital signals, and thusmay not require analog to digital conversion prior to digital processingin the CODEC 172. The dual digital microphone 176 may enable beamformingcapabilities, for example.

The vibration transducer 178 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic,interface(s), and/or code that may enable notification of an incomingcall, alerts and/or message to the wireless device 150 without the useof sound. The vibration transducer may generate vibrations that may bein synch with, for example, audio signals such as speech or music.

In operation, control and/or data information, which may comprise theprogrammable parameters, may be transferred from other portions of thewireless device 150, not shown in FIG. 1, to the processor 156.Similarly, the processor 156 may be enabled to transfer control and/ordata information, which may include the programmable parameters, toother portions of the wireless device 150, not shown in FIG. 1, whichmay be part of the wireless device 150.

The processor 156 may utilize the received control and/or datainformation, which may comprise the programmable parameters, todetermine an operating mode of the transceiver 152. For example, theprocessor 156 may be utilized to select a specific frequency for a localoscillator, a specific gain for a variable gain amplifier, configure thelocal oscillator and/or configure the variable gain amplifier foroperation in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.Moreover, the specific frequency selected and/or parameters needed tocalculate the specific frequency, and/or the specific gain value and/orthe parameters, which may be utilized to calculate the specific gain,may be stored in the system memory 158 via the processor 156, forexample. The information stored in system memory 158 may be transferredto the transceiver 152 from the system memory 158 via the processor 156.

The CODEC 172 in the wireless device 150 may communicate with theprocessor 156 in order to transfer audio data and control signals.Control registers for the CODEC 172 may reside within the processor 156.The processor 156 may exchange audio signals and control information viathe system memory 158. The CODEC 172 may up-convert and/or down-convertthe frequencies of multiple audio sources for processing at a desiredsampling rate.

The leaky wave antennas 164A, 164B, and/or 164C may be configured totransmit at a harmonic frequency of a signal received from thetransceiver 152. For example, the leaky wave antennas 164A, 164B, and/or164C may be configured at a resonance frequency of 60 GHz. A 20 GHzsignal may be communicated from the transceiver 152 as a square wave,such as from a switching power amplifier. The leaky wave antennas 164A,164B, and/or 164C may transmit the first harmonic of the fundamentalfrequency of the source signal. Thus, the leaky wave antennas 164A,164B, and/or 164C may transmit a signal at 60 GHz from a source signalfrequency of 20 GHz, since the first harmonic of the source signal maycoincide with the resonance frequency of the leaky wave antennas 164A,164B, and/or 164C.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary leaky wave antenna,in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 2,there is shown the leaky wave antenna 164A, 164B, and/or 164C comprisinga partially reflective surface 201A, a reflective surface 201B, and afeed point 203. The space between the partially reflective surface 201Aand the reflective surface 201B may be filled with dielectric material,for example, and the height, h, between the partially reflective surface201A and the reflective surface 201B may be utilized to configure thefrequency of transmission of the leaky wave antenna 164A, 164B, and/or164C.

The feed point 203 may comprise a input terminal for applying an inputvoltage to the leaky wave antenna 164A, 164B, and/or 164C. The inventionis not limited to a single feed point 203, as there may be any amount offeed points for different phases of signal, for example, to be appliedto the leaky wave antenna 164A, 164B, and/or 164C.

In an embodiment of the invention, the height, h, may be one-half thewavelength of the desired transmitted mode from the leaky wave antenna164A, 164B, and/or 164C. In this manner, the phase of an electromagneticmode that traverses the cavity twice may be coherent with the inputsignal at the feed point 203, thereby configuring a resonant cavityknown as a Fabry-Perot cavity. The magnitude of the resonant mode maydecay exponentially in the lateral direction from the feed point 203,thereby reducing or eliminating the need for confinement structures tothe sides of the leaky wave antenna 164A, 164B, and/or 164C. The inputimpedance of the leaky wave antenna 164A, 164B, and/or 164C may beconfigured by the vertical placement of the feed point 203, as describedfurther in FIG. 6.

In operation, a signal to be transmitted via a power amplifier may becommunicated to the feed point 203 of the leaky wave antennas 164A,164B, and/or 164C with a frequency f. The cavity height, h, may beconfigured to correlate to one half the wavelength of a harmonic of thesignal of frequency f. The signal may traverse the height of the cavityand may be reflected by the partially reflective surface 201A, and thentraverse the height back to the reflective surface 201B. Since the wavewill have traveled a distance corresponding to a full wavelength,constructive interference may result and a resonant mode may thereby beestablished.

The leaky wave antennas may enable the configuration of high gainantennas without the need for a large array of antennas which require acomplex feed network and suffer from loss due to feed lines. The leakywave antennas 164A, 164B, and/or 164C may be integrated on or in a chip,package, or printed circuit board. The leaky wave antennas 164A, 164B,and/or 164C may be configured at a harmonic of a signal communicated bya power amplifier, which may comprise a switching power amplifier,thereby generating a square wave. The leaky wave antennas 164A, 164B,and/or 164C may transmit a signal at the desired harmonic frequency. Forexample, the leaky wave antennas 164A, 164B, and/or 164C may beconfigured at a resonance frequency of 60 GHz. A signal at 20 GHz may becommunicated from a power amplifier to the leaky wave antennas 164A,164B, and/or 164C, and a signal at the harmonic frequency of three timesthe fundamental frequency, or 60 GHz, may be transmitted.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a plan view of exemplarypartially reflective surfaces, in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown a partially reflectivesurface 300 comprising periodic slots in a metal surface, and apartially reflective surface 320 comprising periodic metal patches. Thepartially reflective surfaces 300/320 may comprise different embodimentsof the partially reflective surface 201A described with respect to FIG.2.

The spacing, dimensions, shape, and orientation of the slots and/orpatches in the partially reflective surfaces 300/320 may be utilized toconfigure the bandwidth, and thus Q-factor, of the resonant cavitydefined by the partially reflective surfaces 300/320 and a reflectivesurface, such as the reflective surface 201B, described with respect toFIG. 2. The partially reflective surfaces 300/320 may thus comprisefrequency selective surfaces due to the narrow bandwidth of signals thatmay leak out of the structure as configured by the slots and/or patches.

The spacing between the patches and/or slots may be related towavelength of the signal transmitted and/or received, which may besomewhat similar to beamforming with multiple antennas. The length ofthe slots and/or patches may be several times larger than the wavelengthof the transmitted and/or received signal or less, for example, sincethe leakage from the slots and/or regions surround the patches may addup, similar to beamforming with multiple antennas.

In an embodiment of the invention, the slots/patches may be configuredvia micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) switches to tune the Q of theresonant cavity.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary phase dependence ofa leaky wave antenna, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown a leaky wave antenna comprising thepartial reflective surface 201A, the reflective surface 201B, and thefeed point 203. In-phase condition 400 illustrates the relative beamshape transmitted by the leaky wave antenna 164A, 164B, and/or 164C whenthe frequency of the signal communicated to the feed point 203 matchesthat of the resonant cavity as defined by the cavity height, h, and thedielectric constant of the material between the reflective surfaces.

Similarly, out-of-phase condition 420 illustrates the relative beamshape transmitted by the leaky wave antenna 164A, 164B, and/or 164C whenthe frequency of the signal communicated to the feed point 203 does notmatch that of the resonant cavity. The resulting beam shape may beconical, as opposed to a single main vertical node. These areillustrated further with respect to FIG. 5.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating exemplary in-phase andout-of-phase beam shapes for a leaky wave antenna, in accordance with anembodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown a plot500 of transmitted signal beam shape versus angle for the in-phase andout-of-phase conditions for a leaky wave antenna.

The In-phase curve in the plot 500 may correlate to the case where thefrequency of the signal communicated to a leaky wave antenna matches theresonant frequency of the cavity. In this manner, a single vertical mainnode may result. In instances where the frequency of the signal at thefeed point is not at the resonant frequency, a double, or conical-shapednode may be generated as shown by the Out-of-phase curve in the plot500.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a leaky wave antenna withvariable input impedance feed points, in accordance with an embodimentof the invention. Referring to FIG. 6, there is shown a leaky waveantenna 600 comprising the partially reflective surface 201A and thereflective surface 201B. There is also shown feed points 601A-601C. Thefeed points 601A-601C may be located at different positions along theheight, h, of the cavity thereby configuring different impedance pointsfor the leaky wave antenna.

In this manner, a leaky wave antenna may be utilized to couple to aplurality of power amplifiers with varying output impedances. Forexample, in instances where a higher harmonic is to be transmitted bythe leaky wave antenna 600, a power amplifier with a higher output powerand lower output impedance may be coupled to a lower impedance feedpoint, such as the feed point 601A.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating exemplary sub-harmonictransmission utilizing a leaky wave antenna, in accordance with anembodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 7, there is shown asignal source 701, a power amplifier (PA) 703, and a leaky wave antenna705. There is also shown a supply voltage V_(DD). The leaky wave antenna705 may be substantially similar to the leaky wave antennas 164A, 164B,and/or 164C/400/420/600.

The signal source 701 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic,interfaces, and/or code that may be operable to generate a signal to betransmitted. For example, the signal source 701 may comprise a mixer oranother PA that may communicate an RF signal to the PA 703.

The PA 703 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic, interfaces, and/orcode that may be operable to amplify a received signal. In an embodimentof the invention, the PA 703 may comprise a switching PA, therebygenerating a square wave output from a sinusoidal input. In anotherembodiment of the invention, the signal source 701 may be operable tocommunicate a square wave to the PA 703.

The supply voltage V_(DD) may be coupled to a reflective surface of theleaky wave antenna 705, such as the partially reflective surface 201A orthe reflective surface 201B described with respect to FIG. 3. By varyingthe voltage V_(DD), amplitude modulation of the signal transmitted bythe leaky wave antenna 705.

In operation, the signal source 701 may communicate a signal at aharmonic frequency f to the PA 703. In an embodiment of the invention,the PA 703 may comprise a switching PA such that the output signal ofthe PA 703 may comprise a square wave. In another embodiment of theinvention, the signal source 701 may generate a square wave signal to beamplified by the PA 703.

The leaky wave antenna 705 may be configured with a resonance frequencyat a harmonic of the fundamental frequency f, such as the first harmonicfrequency of 3*f, for example. In this manner, the leaky wave antenna705 may transmit a signal at a frequency that is the first harmonic ofthe source signal at frequency f. For example, the leaky wave antenna705 may be configured with a resonance frequency of 60 GHz at the firstharmonic of the source signal frequency, f, of 20 GHz. Thus, drivingcircuitry, such as the signal source 701 and the PA 703 may beconfigured for 20 GHz operation while enabling 60 GHz transmission dueto the high gain of the leaky wave antenna 705.

In another embodiment of the invention, the PA 703 may comprise alow-noise amplifier for receiving signals from the leaky wave antenna705. In this manner, signals may be received by the leaky wave antenna705 at a harmonic of a transmitted signal. For example, the 20 GHzharmonic of a 60 GHz signal may be received by the leaky wave antenna705 if configured for a 20 GHz resonant frequency.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating exemplary steps for asub-harmonic transmitter utilizing a leaky wave antenna, in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 8, in step 803after start step 801, a signal source may be configured at a fundamentalfrequency. In step 805, a signal may be generated and amplified at thefundamental frequency, followed by step 807 where a harmonic of thefundamental frequency may be transmitted by a leaky wave antenna with aresonant frequency at the harmonic of the fundamental frequency. If, instep 809, the wireless device 150 is to be powered down, the exemplarysteps may proceed to end step 811. In instances when the wireless device150 is not to be powered down, the exemplary steps may proceed back tostep 803 to configure the signal source.

In an embodiment of the invention, a method and system are disclosed fortransmitting wireless signals at a harmonic frequency of a source signalutilizing one or more leaky wave antennas 164A, 164B, 164C, 400, 420,600, and 705 in a wireless device 150 comprising one or moretransceivers 152 on a chip 162. The one or more leaky wave antennas164A, 164B, 164C, 400, 420, 600, and 705 may be configured with aresonant frequency at the harmonic frequency. The source signal may becommunicated to the one or more of the leaky wave antennas 164A, 1648,164C, 400, 420, 600, and 705 utilizing a power amplifier 703, which maybe operated in switching mode thereby generating a square wave from thesource signal. The one or more leaky wave antennas 164A, 164B, 164C,400, 420, 600, and 705 may be integrated on the chip 162, on a package167 to which the chip 162 is affixed and/or on a printed circuit board171 to which the chip 162 is affixed. In an exemplary embodiment of theinvention, the harmonic frequency may be three times a frequency of thesource signal. The transmitted wireless signal may be amplitudemodulated utilizing a bias voltage V_(DD) applied to the one or moreleaky wave antennas 164A, 164B, 164C, 400, 420, 600, and 705.

Another embodiment of the invention may provide a machine and/orcomputer readable storage and/or medium, having stored thereon, amachine code and/or a computer program having at least one code sectionexecutable by a machine and/or a computer, thereby causing the machineand/or computer to perform the steps as described herein for asub-harmonic transmitter utilizing a leaky wave antenna.

Accordingly, aspects of the invention may be realized in hardware,software, firmware or a combination thereof. The invention may berealized in a centralized fashion in at least one computer system or ina distributed fashion where different elements are spread across severalinterconnected computer systems. Any kind of computer system or otherapparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein issuited. A typical combination of hardware, software and firmware may bea general-purpose computer system with a computer program that, whenbeing loaded and executed, controls the computer system such that itcarries out the methods described herein.

One embodiment of the present invention may be implemented as a boardlevel product, as a single chip, application specific integrated circuit(ASIC), or with varying levels integrated on a single chip with otherportions of the system as separate components. The degree of integrationof the system will primarily be determined by speed and costconsiderations. Because of the sophisticated nature of modernprocessors, it is possible to utilize a commercially availableprocessor, which may be implemented external to an ASIC implementationof the present system. Alternatively, if the processor is available asan ASIC core or logic block, then the commercially available processormay be implemented as part of an ASIC device with various functionsimplemented as firmware.

The present invention may also be embedded in a computer programproduct, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation ofthe methods described herein, and which when loaded in a computer systemis able to carry out these methods. Computer program in the presentcontext may mean, for example, any expression, in any language, code ornotation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having aninformation processing capability to perform a particular functioneither directly or after either or both of the following: a) conversionto another language, code or notation; b) reproduction in a differentmaterial form. However, other meanings of computer program within theunderstanding of those skilled in the art are also contemplated by thepresent invention.

While the invention has been described with reference to certainembodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art thatvarious changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention. In addition, manymodifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material tothe teachings of the present invention without departing from its scope.Therefore, it is intended that the present invention not be limited tothe particular embodiments disclosed, but that the present inventionwill include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appendedclaims.

1. A method for communication, the method comprising: in a wirelessdevice comprising one or more transmitters on a chip, transmittingwireless signals at a harmonic frequency of a source signal utilizingone or more leaky wave antennas.
 2. The method according to claim 1,wherein said one or more leaky wave antennas are configured with aresonant frequency at said harmonic frequency.
 3. The method accordingto claim 1, comprising communicating said source signal to said one ormore leaky wave antennas utilizing a power amplifier.
 4. The methodaccording to claim 3, comprising operating said power amplifier inswitching mode.
 5. The method according to claim 4, comprisinggenerating a square wave from said source signal utilizing said poweramplifier operating in said switching mode.
 6. The method according toclaim 1, wherein said one or more leaky wave antennas are integrated onsaid chip.
 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein said one or moreleaky wave antennas are integrated on a package to which said chip isaffixed.
 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein said one or moreleaky wave antennas are integrated on a printed circuit board to whichsaid chip is affixed.
 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein saidharmonic frequency is three times a frequency of said source signal. 10.The method according to claim 1, comprising amplitude modulating saidtransmitted wireless signal utilizing a bias voltage applied to said oneor more leaky wave antennas.
 11. A system for enabling communication,the system comprising: one or more circuits comprising one or moretransmitters, said one or more circuits integrated on a chip, wherein:said one or more circuits are operable to transmit wireless signals at aharmonic frequency of a source signal utilizing one or more leaky waveantennas.
 12. The system according to claim 11, wherein said one or moreleaky wave antennas is configured with a resonant frequency at saidharmonic frequency.
 13. The system according to claim 11, wherein saidone or more circuits comprise a power amplifier, said one or morecircuits being operable to communicate said source signal to said one ormore leaky wave antennas utilizing a power amplifier.
 14. The systemaccording to claim 13, wherein said one or more circuits operate saidpower amplifier in switching mode.
 15. The system according to claim 14,wherein said one or more circuits are operable to generate a square wavefrom said source signal utilizing said power amplifier operating in saidswitching mode.
 16. The system according to claim 11, wherein said oneor more leaky wave antennas are integrated on said chip.
 17. The systemaccording to claim 11, wherein said one or more leaky wave antennas areintegrated on a package to which said chip is affixed.
 18. The systemaccording to claim 11, wherein said one or more leaky wave antennas areintegrated on a printed circuit board to which said chip is affixed. 19.The system according to claim 11, wherein said harmonic frequency isthree times a frequency of said source signal.
 20. The system accordingto claim 19, wherein said one or more circuits are operable to amplitudemodulate said transmitted wireless signal utilizing a bias voltageapplied to said one or more leaky wave antennas.